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Instructional coaching

A one-to-one form of teacher professional development that research has demonstrated to be highly effective.

Definition

Coaching is an alternative to traditional professional development. Instructional coaches work one-to-one with teachers to provide timely, relevant feedback and suggestions for improvement based on classroom observations. Coaching is differentiated to each teacher’s needs and focused on improving specific skills over the course of a term or school year. Coaching programs can take different forms, but they tend to follow a cycle of learning, observation and data collection, reflection, and goal-setting.

Relevance

Effective coaching purposefully targets each individual teacher’s needs and it is flexible. Unlike traditional one-size-fits-all professional development, coaching can specifically build individual teachers’ capacity for using discrete instructional practices that have been identified as priorities. As teachers identify new areas of concern, coaches can provide feedback addressing those areas.

State of the evidence

Research shows that, not only is instructional coaching more effective than alternative forms of professional development, it is also one of the most effective of all educational interventions. Reviews of rigorous research show that only high-dosage tutoring for students achieves larger effects. Notably, the logic underlying tutoring and coaching is similar: provide targeted feedback to support individuals’ needs.

In practice

There are a number of important considerations when introducing an instructional coaching model, not least of which is the relatively high cost of coaching, which includes both the financial cost and the significant investment of time and resourcing that is required. The high cost of coaching means that achieving buy-in from participating teachers is essential. It is also important to find the right personnel to act as coaches and to ensure they have the appropriate knowledge, skills and training.

Guiding questions

How might an instructional coaching model work in your school?
Are there teachers in your school who would benefit from the targeted classroom-based approach of instructional coaching?
Are there teachers within your school who might act as instructional coaches for their colleagues? What training and support would they need?

Instructional coaching