Child development

It is important for early childhood teachers and leaders to have a sound understanding of the key aspects of child development, and what they mean for early childhood education and care provision.

Definition

A child’s brain grows rapidly in the early years, starting before birth and continuing into early childhood. This means that, while the brain continues to develop and change into adulthood, the first 8 years of a child’s life build the foundation for their future success in terms of health, education, and life more broadly. How well a child’s brain develops depends on their genes as well as other factors including proper nutrition and their experiences and interactions with other people and the world. Nurturing and responsive care for a child’s body and mind is the key to supporting healthy brain development.

Relevance

The early years of a child’s life are very important for their health and development. Healthy development means that all children have their social, emotional, and educational needs met. Safe, caring environments and strong, reciprocal relationships are essential to a child’s healthy development. Proper nutrition, exercise, and sleep also can make a big difference.

State of the evidence

There is an extensive body of evidence that establishes what is required for a child’s healthy physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development.

In practice

Some of the factors that have been demonstrated to support healthy development in children include responding to children in a predictable way, showing warmth and sensitivity, and having routines and rules. Sharing books and talking with children, promoting movement and exercise, and following effective nutrition and feeding practices also contribute in important ways. Being aware of developmental milestones, which give a general idea of the changes to expect as a child gets older, is also useful, although it is important to remember that all children develop at their own pace.